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The current shortage of milk risk-t to extend it?

The current shortage of milk in Tunisia is mainly originated in the late revision of producer prices and consumption. Several farmers have preferred to release a speculation that is no longer profitable. Those who persist get their money by selling their milk to cheese and in the informal peri-where prices are lower.

Even with the last price revision the situation will not improve, since several factors: i) we are in full season of low production, ii) most of the cows culled in 2007 were not renewed, iii) a sale of dairy heifers whose anarchic the outcome is uncertain.

A delay price adjustment in addition i) the operation of the drying unit of milk that has drained more than 12 million liters in 2007 ii) the export of milk during the month of May to neighboring countries to the detriment of the stock market regulator iii) delay in decision making regarding the importation of milk iv) the absence of serious measures against law enforcement and the informal sector which currently drain hundreds of thousands of gallons per day.

The year 2008 will be a pivotal year for the dairy industry and will see the revival of this sector towards a brighter future if the government release the sale price to the consumer and entrust the drying unit of milk a regulator. Both decisions are critical to the viability of a fragile production system and certainly requires fundamental reform (legal framework, elimination of the informal sector, upgrading Cheese Factory, encourage dairy farms over 50 cows, revision of the mapping milk production ...).

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Dairy Breeds in Tunisia:

The sheep population in Tunisia is mainly made up of cattle for meat production. The sheep dairy herd consists mainly of race Sardinian Sicilian representing approximately 0.7% of the total herd (about 300 000 females).

The Sicilian-Sardinian breed comes from the intersection of two Italian dairy breeds: race and race Comisana Sardinian (Sicilian race) and was introduced during the colonial era. These herds were included in cereal production to make better use of stubble and crop residues. This integration explains the concentration of farms in the plains of North and North-western Tunisia (Mateur, Beja) where the average annual rainfall exceeds 600 mm for forage production and grassland.

herds are conducted in semi-intensive system characterized by food rations consisting of hay, stubble, rangeland, crop residues and in some cases green. The use of concentrated feed takes place throughout the year.

individual average daily production was 0.58 L (72 kg of milk for a period of 124 trading days). This production is still low hence the need for an appropriate breeding scheme for this race to improve productivity. His sheep's milk is intended for industrial processing and artisanal cheese-like "ricotta" and "feta".

References

Effects of the month, age and mode of lambing on milk production in Sardinian sheep Sicilian-Tunisia. Mr. Djemali, R. Bouraoui. 1995. CIHEAM-Mediterranean Options 111-117.

Fattening performance of race-ovineSicilo Sarde in Tunisia. H. Rouissi, N. Ben Souissi, S. Dridi, K. Chaieb, S. Tlili and J. Ridene. 1996. CIHEAM-Mediterranean Options. 231-236.

Location of sheep in Tunisia and the role of research Reflections on the development of a systems approach. S. Snoussi. 2003. 419-428.

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Sardinian Sicilian Sheep Dairy Breeds in Tunisia: The

Of the 213 000 dairy cows purebred present in Tunisia, 206 000 are predominantly Holstein cattle imported from European Union and the United States. Over 120 000 dairy heifers were imported filled since 1975, which allowed the emergence of a domestic industry. In 2004, a few thousand animals have been imported from Latin America but it turned out that these animals have no blood Holstein and instead are designed for extensive farms. Most of these cows were culled because of their aggressiveness and their very low productivity.

's enthusiasm for importing Tunisian described by Holstein dairy performance and impressive versatility of the cow that has been proven in the most extreme climatic conditions: cold of Scandinavia and the extreme heat of the Arabian desert. Also a cow is also ideal for any type of diet.

The Holstein is characterized by its specialization milk with fat content exceeding 4.0% and protein levels greater than 3.3%. A cow weighs between 600 and 700 kg with a white robe and black. Individuals homozygous recessive with a white robe and red exist and are named Holsteins Pius Red or Red Holstein.

In France, the Holstein has grown from an average production of approximately 3000 kg per lactation in 1950 to an average production level of over 8500 kg per lactation in the 2000s. Lactations of more than 20,000 kg are not rare in the United States.

Prim'Holstein In Tunisia has adapted well to the climatic conditions and diet in force. The average production of a Holstein cow is 4500 kg per lactation cows but some have exceeded 11 000 kg per lactation. The low productivity of cows in relation to the potential license is largely explained by the quality of the diet that decreases with aridity in some regions of the country. In the north, where large farms are concentrated dairy silage and green are available throughout the year. Supplementation with concentrated food is intended to completely cover the production needs of cows. In the central and southern farms soilless predominate and concentrates partly complement the basic diet (hay, straw, cactus, ...) to cover maintenance requirements, growth and gestation cows. Moreover, the availability of drinking water in some areas hampers the production of Holstein cows.

Ultimately, the Holstein cow is a successful in Tunisia when all necessary conditions are met livestock. Since 2004, governments have conditioned imports by restricting them to applicants with stables that can accommodate thirty cows to a minimum. This is a first step to a brighter future dairy ...

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Holstein Dairy Breeds in Tunisia: Brown Atlas

"A race that disappears is irreversible. It is a heritage of both genetic, cultural and economic lost forever. "Coutard JM

The presentation of this local race seemed imperative because it still occupies an important place in the family economy in our country and rural that despite a small dairy herd is an existing dairy potential significant.

The Brown Atlas is a cow that has populated the steppes and mountains from the North African Berber and time is probably of Iberian origin. It is a Mixed ability cow (milk and meat), and is small in size weighing between 250 and 350 kg. The color is often reddish brown (gray dresses and studded black vultures have been cited in the literature). Originally these cattle were used as draft animals (and the bourgeois), and incidentally providing meat, milk and manure. The advent of mechanization has largely guided these animals for the production of veal whose meat is highly prized.

Its small size allows it to live in arid regions. She is able to live low and enhance plant useless for humans. In addition, its ability to quickly replenish its reserves during the springtime, its breeding facilities and excellent maternal qualities help ensure the growth of the calf in the toughest conditions.

Milk production is very low and is about 4 kg / day and may reach 10 kg / d for the best individuals. Lactation can last between 6 and 300 days. However the low level of production is offset by high production of fat. The fat content may exceed 5.0%.

herds are rare: it is often one or two animals per family. However, given the number of heads from the local population, the total milk production is consistent and represents a significant potential in Tunisia (50 000 L / d during the spring in areas of Sejenène Nefza and north-west Tunisia).

During the protectorate of the White Fathers Thibar (northwestern Tunisia) have worked hard to create a local dairy breed by conducting crosses between Brown's Atlas and Zebu. Unfortunately the animals from these crosses have disappeared over the years. In the 1970s a scheme Selection has been established for the preservation and improvement of animal performance that breed. The objective of this program was the proliferation of breeding and dissemination of genetic progress from growers in parts of North West. For various reasons this work failed and the disappearance of this race is inevitable if the government does not react.

References

Aissaoui C., Benkahla A., Aouad H., 2003. Renc. Rech. Ruminants 111
Coutard JM, 2002. "At Bedochaud" Ozillac 17500.
Geoffrey HS 1919. The livestock in North Africa .

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Dairy Breeds Tunisia

Milk production (cattle) in Tunisia is carried by about 484 000 cows of which 56% come from a local population with high genetic heterogeneity (The Atlas of Brown, Blonde Cape Well, Zebu, Bretonne Pie Noire, ...). Dairy cows are purebred Holstein mainly (97%) of Montbeliard, the Tarentaise, the Brown Swiss ... Some nuclei were initiated Flechwick in the region of Sfax.

For years it was difficult for governments to decide on the one hand between an elitist solution to factory farms of Holstein (but are expensive: costs of importation, installation and management) and other conservation, improving slowly (sometimes disappointing) to hundreds of thousands of local cow that is well adapted to bioclimatic conditions in Tunisia, which is high cost and without producing a calf whose meat is very popular.

A Since the 1990s a massive importation of cows with high genetic potential, with a particular enthusiasm for the Holstein, has achieved self-sufficiency in terms of production. Admittedly, this policy has been rewarding in terms of total production but the individual productivity of these animals was far below the potential permit because the operating conditions of these animals were difficult to obtain: tech farmers, food quality, specialized barns ....

In this case, is it reasonable to invest more than 3000 $ For a cow that will produce only 4000 kg of milk per lactation? Is it reasonable to divide the animals into micro-herds not exceeding 5 cows? Is it reasonable that the majority of these animals are not enrolled in a milk recording program ...? Many answers to which policy makers must find answers or solutions rather.

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Increased milk prices

After review of producer prices on 11.15.2007 (minimum price guaranteed 450 millimes / L (about 0.253 euro) and collection (minimum price guaranteed 480 millimes / L record Wharf Dairy (about 0.270 euro / L)), the sale price to the public comes be increased by 50 millimes / L (about 0.029 euro / L) 18/11/07 830 to become millimes / L (0.466 Euro / L) for UHT milk. This increase is the third in 2007.

Despite these increases the sale price to the public remains the least expensive of all the Maghreb and the cost of production at the farmer is only partially covered. In the absence of release of the selling price of milk to drink, other adjustments are necessary so that all stakeholders have their accounts mainly small and medium producers.

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Symposium Presentation

A symposium organized by INRA and interested minerals and their application in the dairy industry will take place between 1 and on 03/10/2008 in Saint-Malo, France. All information on this symposium are listed below and any information you can contact Dr. Frederick Gaucheron at:

Dr. Frederick Gaucheron

INRA, UMR Science and Technology of Milk and Egg

65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, Francee-

mail : frederic.gaucheron@rennes.inra.frt

el : 33 0(2) 23 48 53 42

fax : 33 0(2) 23 48 53 50

From understanding to applying…
State of the art knowledge in
the field of minerals will be presented!


First IDF/INRA International Symposium on
MINERALS AND DAIRY PRODUCTS
October 1-3, 2008 in Saint-Malo, France

EVENT WEBSITE IS NOW AVAILABLE AT
http://www.inra.fr/mdp2008

Important dates: Mark your diary!

Submission of abstracts: until 30 April 2008
Online registration: as of 7 January 2008
What will you get out of this Symposium?

An update on scientific knowledge in areas such as chemistry, physics, biochemistry, technology and nutrition;
Clarification of the complexity of the behaviour of minerals;
Identification of the unresolved problems;
Proposal of new strategies in research and Research-Development Sector
Better Understanding Of The role of minerals
Who should expect?

The symposium of special interest to IS Researchers, scientists, students and experts from The Industry.

Visit the event's website ( http://www.inra.fr/mdp2008 ) regularly to Be Kept up-to-date! The first announcement for consultation est disponible. We look forward

welcoming you at event o!

Tips To Build Your Voice

This blog is a personal initiative aimed at sharing our views on the development of the Tunisian dairy sector has certainly changed since independence. This development could have been better if some policies (import of pure breeds of heifers, cross absorption Sejenène grasslands, primary collection ,...) had been correctly followed by the various stakeholders. Judged against the past is productive but there are lessons to be learned in order to catch up with some delays and optimize animal resources, human and agronomic available.

Tunisia will meet those specific needs milk and may even provide for its adjacent neighbors. All articles posted on this blog will be supported by citations to redirect readers wanting to deepen their reading of original sources and reliable. Also your comments are highly solicited to participate and moderate discussions, even modestly, to changes in the dairy sector in Tunisia.